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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1): e54636, dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1550730

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La Rata de Magdalena, Xenomys nelsoni, es un roedor endémico de México, de distribución restringida a las selvas bajas caducifolias densas, en una pequeña región de la costa del Pacífico mexicano. Es una especie poco conocida, catalogada como "En Peligro" de acuerdo con la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (IUCN). Este desconocimiento unido a la alta tasa de deforestación de su hábitat hace que su conservación sea prioritaria. Objetivo: Realizar un recuento histórico de los registros depositados en las colecciones científicas, generar mapas de distribución potencial y analizar el estado de conservación de la especie. Método: Los datos de ocurrencia de las especies se obtuvieron de la literatura y bases de datos digitales y se analizaron por décadas. Se utilizaron los programas GARP y MaxEnt para generar los modelos de nicho ecológico. La importancia de las variables en el modelo se estimó mediante un análisis Jackknife. Resultados: A lo largo de 129 años 19 recolectores registraron 69 ejemplares, de los cuales 65 están depositados en siete colecciones internacionales y una nacional. Aunque la especie sólo se ha recolectado en Jalisco y Colima, la distribución potencial de X. nelsoni incluye también el estado de Michoacán. De esta área estimada, sólo el 1.5 % se encuentra dentro de un Área Natural Protegida. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la distribución potencial podrían ser utilizados para verificar la presencia de la especie en lugares donde no ha sido recolectada como el norte de la Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela-Cuixmala y en algunas zonas de la provincia fisiográfica Costas del Sur en el estado de Michoacán. Es necesario incrementar los muestreos en regiones poco estudiadas predichas por el modelo y aumentar el área de protección.


Abstract Introduction: The Magdalena Rat, Xenomys nelsoni, is a rodent endemic to Mexico, whose distribution is restricted to dense tropical dry forests in a small region on the Pacific coast of Mexico. It is a poorly known species categorized as "Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This lack of knowledge and the high rates of deforestation of its habitat makes its conservation a priority. Objective: To summarize the historical records deposited in scientific collections, to create potential distribution maps, and to analyze the conservation status of the species. Methods: We obtained species occurrence data from literature and digital databases, analyzing them by the decade. We used GARP and MaxEnt software to generate the ecological niche models. The importance of the variables in the model was estimated using the Jackknife technique. Results: Over 129 years, 19 collectors registered 69 specimens, of which 65 are deposited in one national and seven international collections. Although the species has only been collected in Jalisco and Colima, the potential distribution for X. nelsoni also includes the state of Michoacán. Of this estimated area, only 1.5 % is in a Protected Natural Area. Conclusions: The results of the potential distribution could be used to verify the presence of the species in places where it has not been collected, such as the northern part of the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve and in some areas of the physiographic province Costas del Sur in the state of Michoacán. It is needed to increase samplings in the least studied regions predicted by the model and expand the area of protection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Rats/anatomy & histology , Ecosystem , Endangered Species , Mexico
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 70(1)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1407243

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Underwater visual censuses are the basis of many studies on fish ecology, however, a series of limitations and errors influence the traditional visual estimation of fish richness and abundance. Video techniques have been proposed to mitigate such errors, but there are few studies that compare the effectiveness of both methods. Objective: To compare the estimates obtained through the traditional census and the video census of the fish community of two localities in the central Mexican Pacific. Methods: We studied the fish community of two bays of Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico. We established sampling points in each bay and applied a traditional census and a diver-operated video census. We used comparison tests and analysis of similarity tests to compare richness, abundance and diversity by locality; and permutation tests for the same parameters at each sampling point. Results: Both censuses provide similar estimates regarding the richness, abundance, and diversity by locality and by sampling points. There were no statistically significant differences between traditional census and a diver-operated video census in terms of richness, abundance, and diversity. Conclusions: Video census using the diver-operated video technique can be used as a complement or as an alternative to traditional census. Its use can provide a more complete assessment, increase data acquisition, and implement long-term monitoring programs in areas where there are economic limitations for its operation.


Resumen Introducción: Los censos visuales submarinos son la base de muchos estudios sobre ecología de peces, sin embargo, una serie de limitaciones y errores influyen en la estimación visual tradicional de la riqueza y abundancia de peces. Se han propuesto las técnicas de video para mitigar tales errores, pero existen pocos estudios que comparen la efectividad de ambos métodos. Objetivo: Comparar las estimaciones obtenidas mediante el censo tradicional y el video censo de la comunidad de peces de dos localidades del Pacífico central mexicano. Métodos: Se estudió la comunidad de peces de dos bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, México. Se establecieron puntos de muestreo en cada bahía y se aplicó el censo tradicional y video censo operado por buzo. Se emplearon pruebas de comparación y análisis de pruebas de similitud para comparar riqueza, abundancia y diversidad por localidad; y pruebas de permutación para los mismos parámetros en cada punto de muestreo. Resultados: Ambos censos proporcionan estimaciones similares en cuanto a la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad por localidad y por punto de muestreo. No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el censo tradicional y video censo operado por buzo respecto a riqueza, abundancia y diversidad. Conclusiones: El video censo mediante la técnica de video operado por buzo puede utilizarse como complemento o como alternativa al censo tradicional. Su uso puede proporcionar una evaluación más completa, aumentar la adquisición de datos e implementar programas de monitoreo a largo plazo en áreas donde existen limitaciones económicas para su operación.


Subject(s)
Animals , Data Collection , Fishes , Data Accuracy , Mexico
3.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 19(3): 248-263, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-735385

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los géneros Furcraea y Agave comprenden un gran número de plantas xerófitas que se explotan principalmente en México, Colombia y Brasil. La producción de bebidas, cordeles, sacos, artículos artesanales, alimentación animal, fármacos, biomasa, refuerzo para construcciones, abono y sustrato para cultivos, son solo algunas de las aplicaciones directas de estas plantas. Sus extractos contienen una gran variedad de compuestos químicos muchos de los cuales tienen aplicaciones potenciales en el tratamiento de enfermedades como el cáncer. Entre los compuestos encontrados están las saponinas, hecogeninas, fructanos, celulosa y hemicelulosa. Objetivos: explorar la información publicada sobre los géneros Furcraea y Agave sus cualidades medicinales y agroindustriales e inferir sus posibilidades futuras de investigación y explotación. Métodos: la búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) y Redalyc, en los documentos encontrados entre los años de 1995 y 2012, seleccionando aquellos artículos que involucraban la caracterización química de las plantas, usos alternativos y algunos métodos de análisis químico realizados. Resultados: se muestra la información compilada sobre 4 especies del género Furcraea y 9 especies del género Agave. Algunas de las especies analizadas poseen saponinas, compuestos químicos con uso potencial en el tratamiento de cáncer. También se reporta la presencia de carbohidratos libres como glucosa y fructosa y poliméricos como los fructanos, estos últimos se clasifican como prebióticos. La celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina que conforman la fibra principalmente de las hojas de las plantas, pueden emplearse como quelantes de origen biológico. Conclusiones: las plantas de los géneros Furcraea y Agave, consideradas en esta revisión, poseen sustancias químicas que pueden ser útiles en diversos campos médicos e industriales, aunque algunas especies no se han estudiado exhaustivamente.


Introduction: the genera Furcraea and Agave comprise a large number of xerophytic plants which are exploited mainly in Mexico, Colombia and Brazil to obtain beverages, twine, sacks, handicrafts, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, biomass, construction reinforcements, fertilizers and cultivation substratum, among other direct uses. Their extracts contain a great variety of chemical compounds, many of which have potential applications in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Among such compounds are saponins, hecogenins, fructans, cellulose and hemicellulose. Objectives: explore the information published about the genera Furcraea and Agave and their medicinal and agroindustrial properties, and infer their future research and exploitation possibilities. Methods: a bibliographic search was conducted in the databases ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, AcademicSearch Complete (EBSCO) and Redalyc of documents published from 1995 to 2012. A selection was made of papers including the chemical characterization of the plants, their alternative uses and the methods of chemical analysis employed. Results: a presentation is provided of the information gathered about 4 species of the genus Furcraea and 9 of the genus Agave. Some of the species analyzed contain saponins, which are chemical compounds potentially useful in the treatment of cancer. A report is included of the presence of free carbohydrates, such as glucose and fructose, and polymeric carbohydrates like fructanes. The latter are classified as prebiotic. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which constitute the fiber mainly of leaves, may be used as chelating agents of biological origin. Conclusions: plants of the genera Furcraea and Agave, considered in this review, contain chemical substances potentially useful in a variety of medical and industrial fields, though some species have not been studied exhaustively.

4.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-9, 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710934

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Plants of Agave spp. perform Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and are highly drought-tolerant, but little is known concerning seed germination under low water availability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of substrate water potential (ΨW) on seed germination and contrast hydrotime parameters of seven valuable and commercially-important Agave species from different geographical distributions and climatic regions of Mexico. Our hypothesis was that seed germination of Agave species is not affected by low water availability independently of seed biomass and the climate of their distribution area. RESULTS: Seed germination (at 25°C and in the dark) between 85 and 100% for all species occurred within 80 - 180 h at -0.03 MPa and 250 - 430 h at -1.0 MPa. Seed germination at -1.5 MPa declined to less than 50% (p < 0.05) for A. asperrima and A. cupreata but did not change significantly for A. americana var. marginata, A. lechuguilla and A. striata, although they showed the lowest mean base water potential (-2.01 to -2.64 MPa). Seed germination of 40% Agave species, from arid and semi-arid climates in this study, was not affected by the lower ΨW. CONCLUSION: Germination of seeds of Agave species is moderately affected by low water availability, is partially dependent of their ecological distribution, and is independent of seed mass.


Subject(s)
Agave/classification , Agave/physiology , Germination/physiology , Seeds/physiology , Water , Aluminum Silicates , Absorption, Physicochemical/physiology , Biomass , Droughts , Mexico , Plant Dormancy , Time Factors , Water Supply
5.
Biol. Res ; 42(2): 239-248, 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-524895

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that root of maguey (Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck) seedlings reacts during the first 24 h to low substrate water potential (Yw), by anatomical modifications. Three-4 cm root length seedlings were planted in vermiculite for 24 h at Yw between -0.03 and -2.35 MPa. Root dimensions, proline content and anatomy were evaluated. Substrate ψw between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa did not significantly affect longitudinal root growth. However, proline content significantly increased from 1.6 to 2.1 emoles mg-1. Significant reductions of transverse root area (41 percent), thickness of mucilage covering the epidermis (47 percent), thickness of epidermis (between 15 and 46 percent), area of the parenchyma (between 35 and 41 percent) and number of vessels (up to 28 percent) were observed with Yw of -2.35 MPa. In contrast, thickness of xylem wall, diameter of xylem vessels and the number of cells of the cortex of the differentiation root region significantly increased (64, 17, and 97 percent, respectively). The anatomical changes associated with low substrate Yw indicate a net increase of root apoplatic paths; structures involved in water conduction increased their diameter under low substrate Yw conditions and anatomical changes occurred during the first 24 h of water stress.


Subject(s)
Agave/growth & development , Plant Roots/growth & development , Seedlings/growth & development , Water/metabolism , Agave/metabolism , Plant Roots/metabolism , Seedlings/metabolism , Time Factors
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